Gupakira ejo bundi bifite ubwenge kandi byerekanwe kumatsinda yihariye yibikorwa.Ati: “Ibi nibyo ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe akora mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, imiti n'inganda, nka IG metall, IG Bergbau, Chemie na Energie, muri raporo ivuga ku nganda zipakira, kandi nta gushidikanya ko mu bitaha imyaka mike.impinduka zose.
Ibikoresho byoroshye byapakirwa, igihe kirekire cyo kuramba hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo gufungura ibintu byose ni insanganyamatsiko zingenzi zituma iterambere ryiyongera.Iterambere ryiterambere ryisoko ryo gupakira riterwa ahanini nisoko rya Aziya, ariko kandi rikayoborwa nisoko ryiburasirazuba nuburengerazuba.Byongeye kandi, imijyi ninsanganyamatsiko ziterambere rirambye nabyo bitera iterambere ryisoko ryo gupakira.
Gupakira birakenewe hafi yinganda zose.Mugihe ubusanzwe bikoreshwa mukurinda ibicuruzwa no koroshya kubika no gutwara, gupakira nabyo bifasha gutandukanya ibicuruzwa no gukora aho bigurisha.
Umufuka wo gupakira ibiryoinganda yamye ari isoko yingenzi inganda zipakira zita cyane.Mu Burayi honyine, ibiribwa bigera kuri 60% bipfusha ubusa bitewe no kwangirika, iyo mibare yaba iri hasi cyane hamwe no gupakira neza.Mu buryo bumwe, kurinda ibicuruzwa ni ukurinda ikirere kuko, kugira ngo huzuzwe ibiryo byapfushije ubusa kubera kurinda bidakwiye, hagomba kubyazwa umusaruro mushya, kandi ikirenge cya karuboni gikomokaho akenshi kikaba kinini kuruta icy'umusaruro. hamwe nagupakira neza.Rero, kwirinda ibiryo byangiritse hamwe nintambwe nini ya karubone.
Muri make, inganda zipakira zizakomeza gutera imbere, ariko zigomba guhuza ibikenewe nisoko hamwe nibisubizo bishya.
Nta gushidikanya, ibicuruzwa byo gupakira biratandukanye cyane, kandi ingingo imwe ntishobora kubikubiyemo byose, bityo ingingo imwe gusa ningero zimwe zatoranijwe hano.
Ubuzima buri gihe nibyo byibandwaho
Ingingo isubirwamo ijyanye no gupakira plastike nubuzima.Ntawabura kuvuga ko ibipfunyika byose birinda inyungu kubaguzi bitandukanya ibiryo nibituruka hanze.Mu nganda z’ibinyobwa by’umwihariko, kongeramo ibintu biteza imbere ubuzima ku binyobwa ni ibintu bigenda byiyongera, bityo rero birasabwa kurinda ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe, nk'ibinyobwa umutobe w'imbuto birimo vitamine nyinshi, ndetse n'ibinyobwa bya siporo n'ibinyobwa bya fitness hamwe na ibiryo byihariye byongera ibiryo.KHS Plasmax, ifite icyicaro i Hamburg mu Budage, yateje imbere ikoranabuhanga rya Plasmax kugira ngo ibyo binyobwa bishya mu icupa igihe kirekire.By'umwihariko, muburyo bwa plasma yumuvuduko muke, igice cya okiside ya silicon nziza (ni ukuvuga ikirahure) cya metero zigera kuri 50 zishyirwa kurukuta rwimbere rwaPET icupa, kugirango ibinyobwa birindwe hanze, bityo birashobora kubikwa igihe kirekire, vitamine ninyongeramusaruro ntibizabura.Bitandukanye no guhatanira tekinoroji yamacupa menshi, tekinoroji ya Plasmax iraruhije gato, ariko bivamo igiciro gito cyibikoresho kumacupa.Inyungu nyamukuru yuburyo bwa Plasmax nuko amacupa ashobora gukoreshwa rwose.
Ibinyobwa byiza bifite uduce duto cyane ni ikindi cyerekezo mu nganda z’ibinyobwa, nk'amazi afite ibice bya aloe vera, n'amata na yogurt hamwe n'imbuto.Ibi binyobwa ntibisaba gusa icupa rihuye gusa, ahubwo bisaba n'ikoranabuhanga ryuzuza rishobora gupima ibice bikomeye bifite isuku kandi neza.Nka kimwe mu byubaka imashini zinzobere muri uru rwego, Krones, ifite icyicaro i Neutraubling, mu Budage, itanga uburyo bwihariye bwo gupima ibicuruzwa bya Dosaflex, bishobora gupima 3mm x 3mm x 3mm hamwe n’uburinganire bwa ± 0.3%.
Icyakora, kubera ubuzima buke bwibinyobwa by’amata, Holland Colors NV, Apeldoorn, mu Buholandi, yashyize ahagaragara inyongera nshya ya Holcomer III ikomeye, itanga 100% kurinda imirasire ya UV ndetse no kurinda 99% kurinda urumuri rugaragara, bityo bikemerera umusaruro wa PET monolayer ipakira ibisubizo byamata ya pasteurize.Inyungu igaragara yiki gisubizo niyubaka ryayo imwe, ituma byoroha kuyisubiramo kuruta ibipapuro byinshi.
Umucyo woroshye ninsanganyamatsiko ihoraho
Hamwe na buri gisubizo cyo gupakira, uburemere burigihe bwibanze, kandi mumyaka mike ishize, ibitekerezo nibisubizo byo kugabanya ibiro byagaragaye.Hagati ya 1991 na 2013, uburemere rusange bwo gupakira bwaragabanutseho 25% kubera ibishushanyo bishya no kugabanya ubugari bwurukuta.Nubwo hari byinshi byitezwe kubikorwa, muri 2013 honyine, toni miliyoni imwe ya plastiki yakijijwe kwisi yose kugirango ibike ibicuruzwa.Gufata amacupa ya PET nkurugero, ntabwo ubugari bwurukuta bwagabanutse gusa, ahubwo igishushanyo cyo hasi nacyo cyarushijeho kuba cyiza, kandi igishushanyo gishya cyonyine kizigama 2g ya plastike kumacupa.Mu rwego rwo guhindura neza icupa, Creative Packaging Solutions Ltd, ifite icyicaro i Balcova-Izmir, muri Turukiya, yateje imbere inzira ya Mint-Tec, aho, nyuma yo gukora preform, piston igera mu icupa idakora ku ijosi ry'icupa.Hasi izana ishusho yifuzwa.
Yashizweho kugirango ikoreshwe kuva itangira
Ibipfunyika bifata ibinyobwa nkurugero biranakoreshwa mubindi bice hafi yinganda zikora ibiryo, aho kugabanya ibiro buri gihe biza imbere.Ibi birumvikana kuko kugabanya ibiro bifitanye isano no kuzigama ibikoresho no kugabanya ibiciro, ariko sibyo byonyine.Impamvu, kandi icy'ingenzi, ni uko abashingamategeko n'abaguzi barushaho gusaba "kurinda umutungo", bifitanye isano rya hafi n'igitekerezo cyo gupakira ibicuruzwa.Mu Budage, aho ibikoresho byo mu rugo hafi ya byose byongera gukoreshwa, hejuru ya kimwe cya kabiri (56%) byacyo biratunganywa aho gutwikwa, bivuye kuri 3% mu myaka 20 ishize.Ni muri urwo rwego, amacupa ya PET afite igipimo cyinshi cyo gutunganya, hamwe 98% byibikoresho byagaruwe hanyuma bigasubizwa mubyakozwe.Ni ukuvuga, buri gacupa rishya ryakozwe muri iki gihe ririmo ibikoresho bigera kuri 25%.
Gukoresha imyanda ipakira birashobora kurushaho kunozwa niba ibipfunyika byateguwe kugirango bisubirwemo kuva mbere.Nkumushinga wa polyolefin, Dr. Michael Scriba, Umuyobozi wa plastike ya mtm i Niedergebra, mu Budage, azi neza iki kibazo.Kuri we, plastiki zororowe neza zigomba gukoreshwa aho bishoboka hose, aho gukoresha “impapuro-plastiki”, kandi ntabwo ari umwijima cyangwa calcium karubone yuzuye polyolefine.Na none, PET igomba guhitamo kumacupa kuruta inzira zishushanyije.
igikapu
Filime ziragenda zoroha kandi zirakora cyane
Hamwe nisoko rirenga 40%, firime nibisanzwe bipfunyika bya pulasitike bikoreshwa cyane cyane mubiribwa, ariko byumvikane ko harimo ibintu nko gupfunyika ibibyimba cyangwa firime irambuye ikoreshwa mukurinda ibicuruzwa.Ibicuruzwa bito bya firime nabyo biragenda byerekana inzira igaragara yo "gutera imbere muburyo bwo kunanuka no gukora".Nubwo firime nyinshi zikoreshwa cyane, mubikorwa imikorere ya firime irashobora no kuboneka hifashishijwe inyongeramusaruro zibereye.Gukenera ibice byinshi kandi byinshi byageze hejuru haje ibyitwa "nanolayeri" hamwe na 33 cyangwa byinshi.Uyu munsi, firime 3-na 5-firime nibicuruzwa bisanzwe, kandi byorohereza cyane gukoresha "ibikoresho bihendutse murwego rwo hagati".
Filime ya bariyeri ubusanzwe igizwe nibice 7 cyangwa byinshi.Hamwe nimikorere ikora, firime nyinshi zisanzwe zifite ubunini bworoshye kuruta firime imwe.Mugihe gikomeza imikorere, ubunini bwiyi firime burashobora kandi kugabanuka kurambura.Reifenhäuser Blown Films i Troisdorf, mu Budage yerekana igice cya Evolution Ultra Stretch cyeguriwe iyi ntego.Ukoresheje iki gice cyo kurambura, firime yamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi irashobora gukorerwa kuri 50µm aho kuba 70µm, kandi firime ya silage irambuye ifite imitungo imwe irashobora gukorerwa kuri 19µm aho kuba 25µm - umubyimba wagabanutseho 30%.
Gukora neza ni ingingo nini muburyo bwo gutera inshinge
Mu gukora ibikoresho byo gupakira byatewe inshinge, kugabanya umubyimba no kubika ibikoresho, kimwe no kuzamura ibihe byizunguruka no gukora neza, nibyo byibandwaho.Imashini ikora imashini ikora cyane ivuye muri Netstal Maschinenbau GmbH i Näfels, mu Busuwisi, ifite imashini yo gusudira amashanyarazi, irashobora gutanga imipira irenga 43.000 ku isaha, imwe ipima 7g.
In-mold labels (IML) kuva kera nimwe muburyo buzwi bwo gushushanya inshinge, hamwe na El-Exis SP 200 imashini ibumba inshinge za Sumitomo Demag Plastics Machinery Co., Ltd. i Schwaig, mu Budage, hamwe nigihe cyizunguruka. ya munsi ya 2s, Iyi mashini birashoboka ko imashini yihuta cyane yo gukora ibikombe byo gushushanya IML.
Inzira imwe ikoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa byoroheje, byoroheje byatewe no gutekera ibicuruzwa ni tekinoroji yo gutera inshinge (ICM), igenda irushaho kwitabwaho ninganda.Bitandukanye no guterwa inshinge zisanzwe, inzira yishyura kugabanuka utiriwe utera ibindi bikoresho mugihe cyo gufata, bigatuma amafaranga azigama agera kuri 20%.
Inganda zerekana ubushobozi bushya bwo guhanga udushya
Nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, ntibishoboka gukwirakwiza inzira zose namakuru mu ngingo imwe, ariko hano hari bimwe bihuriweho:
Hariho inzira igenda yiyongera kumikoreshereze yaibinyabuzima biborakubipfunyika ibiryo, nibicuruzwa bishya bigenda byinjira kumasoko.
Ukoresheje uburyo bwo gucapa butaziguye, ibishushanyo birashobora gucapurwa muburyo butaziguye mubipfunyika bya pulasitike no mu gipfundikizo bwarwo udakoresheje ibirango, kandi ibishushanyo mbonera byacapwe birashobora guhinduka kandi bikaboneka mu buryo butaziguye ukoresheje buto, bityo bigatuma Ubumuntu bugaragara - buri gicuruzwa Irashobora kugira imiterere yacyo.
Kubyara neza ibyapa byihariye mugukoraho buto, icyerekezo cyo gushushanya mubikorwa byo gupakira
Imashini ikora imashini itera inshinge kabuhariwe mu gutera inshinge zikoreshwa, aho inshinge zashizwemo inshinge zihita zitondekwa muburyo butandukanye, kandi birashobora kurengerwa iyo ubishaka.Ibicuruzwa byiza bipfunyika birashobora gukorwa hamwe nubuhanga.
Ku bicuruzwa bipfunyitse kandi bishushanyije cyane, Cavonic, ifite icyicaro i Engel mu Budage, yashyizeho uburyo bwa ibt, uburyo bwo gukoresha ikirahuri kimeze nk'ikirahure kimeze nk'ibinini bito mu gihe cyo kuvura plasma nkeya, bishobora kuramba, bikarinda ubuzima bw'ibiryo nk'ibiryo by'abana n'ibikomoka ku mata mu gupakira neza.
Hamwe nimashini ibereye, gushushanya-byimbitse(IML)tray irashobora kubyazwa umusaruro muke ugereranije nibice byatewe inshinge.Sisitemu ya thermoforming yubatswe na Yili Machinery Co., Ltd. i Heilbronn, mu Budage, irashobora gukora pallet yoroshye ku buryo bwihuse, ku giciro cyo gutanga amayero 43.80 kuri palette 1.000, ugereranije no gushyiramo ibicuruzwa Umubare umwe wa pallet y'ubwoko bumwe bwakozwe na (IML) tekinoroji yo gutera inshinge ni € 51.60.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-15-2022