1. Birakenewe gusobanukirwa ibisabwa kurinda ibiryo
Ibiribwa bitandukanye bifite imiti itandukanye, imiterere yumubiri nubumashini, nibindi, bityo ibiryo bitandukanye bifite ibyangombwa bitandukanye byo gukingira kubipakira.Kurugero,gupakira icyayiigomba kuba ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo kurwanya ogisijeni (kugirango irinde ibintu bifatika kuba okiside), irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi (icyayi kiba cyoroshye kandi cyangirika iyo gitose), kurwanya urumuri rwinshi (chlorophyll mu cyayi bizahinduka bitewe nizuba ryizuba), hamwe no kurwanya cyane impumuro nziza.. PE, PP hamwe nandi mifuka ya pulasitike ibonerana, yangiza cyane ibintu byiza byicyayi, ubwiza bwicyayi ntibushobora kwizerwa.
Bitandukanye nibiryo byavuzwe haruguru, imbuto, imboga, nibindi bifite uburyo bwo guhumeka nyuma yo gutoranya, ni ukuvuga, gupakira birasabwa kugira uburyo butandukanye bwo kwinjiza imyuka itandukanye.Kurugero,ikawa ikaranzeizarekura buhoro buhoro karuboni ya dioxyde nyuma yo gupakira, naforomajeizatanga kandi karuboni ya dioxyde nyuma yo kuyipakira, bityo ibipfunyika bigomba kuba inzitizi ya ogisijeni nyinshi hamwe na dioxyde de carbone nyinshi.Ibisabwa byo gukingira gupakira inyama mbisi, ibiryo byinyama bitunganijwe,ibinyobwa, ibiryo, naibicuruzwa bitetsenazo ziratandukanye cyane.Kubwibyo, ibipfunyika bigomba gutegurwa mubuhanga ukurikije imiterere itandukanye yibyo kurya ubwabyo nibisabwa kurinda amazi.
2. Hitamo ibikoresho byo gupakira hamwe nibikorwa bikwiye byo kurinda
Ibikoresho bigezweho bipfunyika ibiryo birimo plastike, impapuro, ibikoresho byinshi (ibikoresho byinshi bigize ibikoresho nka plastiki / plastike, plastiki / impapuro, plastiki / aluminium, file / impapuro / plastike, nibindi), amacupa yikirahure, amabati Tegereza.Twibanze ku bikoresho byinshi hamwe no gupakira ibintu.
1) Ibikoresho
Ibikoresho byose hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byo gupakira byoroshye.Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko burenga 30 bwa plastiki bukoreshwa mu gupakira ibiryo, kandi hariho amagana y’ibikoresho byinshi birimo plastike.Ibikoresho byose hamwe bikoresha ibice 2-6, ariko birashobora kugera kumurongo 10 cyangwa byinshi kubikenewe bidasanzwe.Gukoresha imashini yimyenda ya pulasitike, impapuro cyangwa tissue, fayili ya aluminiyumu nizindi substrate, siyanse yubumenyi kandi yumvikana hamwe cyangwa guhuza lamination, birashobora kuba byujuje ibyangombwa byo gupakira ibiryo bitandukanye.Kurugero, ubuzima bwubuzima bwa Tetra Pak amata apakiye bikozwe mubikoresho byinshi nka plastiki / ikarito / aluminium-plastiki / plastike birashobora kumara igice cyumwaka kugeza kumwaka.Ubuzima bwo kuramba bwibintu bimwe na bimwe byoroshye-bipfunyitse bipfunyika inyama zirashobora kumara igihe cyimyaka 3, kandi igihe cyo gutekera imigati ipakiye hamwe mubihugu bimwe byateye imbere irashobora kugera kumwaka urenga.Nyuma yumwaka umwe, imirire, ibara, impumuro nziza, uburyohe, imiterere hamwe na mikorobe ya cake iracyafite Ibisabwa.Mugihe cyo gutegura ibikoresho bipfunyitse, hagomba kwitonderwa byumwihariko muguhitamo insimburangingo kuri buri cyiciro, gukusanya bigomba kuba bifite ubumenyi kandi bushyize mu gaciro, kandi imikorere yuzuye ya buri cyiciro igomba guhuza ibisabwa muri rusange kugirango ibiryo bipakire.
2) Plastike
Hariho ubwoko bwa plastike bugera kuri cumi na butanu cyangwa butandatu bukoreshwa mu gupakira ibiryo mu gihugu cyanjye, nka PE, PP, PS, PET, PA, PVDC, EVA, PVA, EVOH, PVC, resin ionomer, n'ibindi Muri byo, abo hamwe na ogisijeni nyinshi irwanya PVA, EVOH, PVDC, PET, PA, nibindi, abafite ubukana bwinshi burimo PVDC, PP, PE, nibindi.;abafite imbaraga nyinshi zo kurwanya imirasire nka PS aromatic nylon, nibindi.;abafite ubushyuhe buke nka PE, EVA, UMUSIZI, PA, nibindi.;kurwanya amavuta meza hamwe nubukanishi, nka ionomer resin, PA, PET, nibindi, birwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nubushyuhe buke, nka PET, PA, nibindi. Imiterere ya molekile ya monomer ya plastike zitandukanye iratandukanye, urwego ya polymerisation iratandukanye, ubwoko nubwinshi bwinyongera biratandukanye, kandi nibintu nabyo biratandukanye.Ndetse nibiranga amanota atandukanye ya plastike imwe bizaba bitandukanye.Kubwibyo, birakenewe guhitamo plastike ikwiye cyangwa guhuza plastike nibindi bikoresho ukurikije ibisabwa.Guhitamo nabi bishobora gutera ubwiza bwibiryo kugabanuka cyangwa no gutakaza agaciro karibwa.
3.koresha uburyo bwa tekinoroji yo gupakira
Kugirango wongere ubuzima bwibiryo bwibiryo, tekinolojiya mishya yo gupakira ihora itezwa imbere, nkibipfunyika bikora, bipfunyika anti-mold, bipfunyika ibicanwa, ibipfunyika birwanya ibicu, ibipfunyika birwanya static, ibipfunyika bihumeka neza, bitanyerera gupakira, gupakira buffer, nibindi, bikoreshwa cyane mubihugu byateye imbere.Ikoranabuhanga rishya ntabwo rikoreshwa cyane mu gihugu cyanjye, kandi uburyo bumwe buracyari ubusa.Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji igezweho irashobora kunoza cyane imikorere yo gukingira.
4. Guhitamo imashini zipakira nibikoresho bifasha tekinoroji yo gutunganya ibiryo
Mu rwego rwo guhaza ibikenewe mu ikoranabuhanga ritunganya ibiribwa, hateguwe ibikoresho bitandukanye bishya bipakira, nk'imashini zipakira vacuum, imashini zipakira vacuum inflatable, imashini zipakira ubushyuhe, imashini zipakira ibisebe, imashini zipakira uruhu, ibikoresho byo gutwika impapuro, ibikoresho Imashini zuzuza, gukora / kuzuza / gufunga imashini zipakira, ibikoresho byuzuye byo gupakira aseptic, nibindi Ukurikije ibikoresho byatoranijwe byo gupakira hamwe nuburyo bwo gupakira, guhitamo cyangwa gushushanya imashini zipakira zahujwe nubuhanga bwo gutunganya ibiribwa nubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro ni garanti ya gupakira neza.
5. Kwerekana imiterere nigishushanyo mbonera bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa na siyansi
Igishushanyo mbonera kigomba kuba cyujuje ibisabwa bya geometrike, kandi ukagerageza gukoresha ibikoresho bike bipakira kugirango ukore ikintu kinini, gishobora kubika ibikoresho bipakira kandi byujuje ibisabwa byo kurengera ibidukikije.Igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho bipfunyika bigomba kuba byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, kandi imbaraga zo guhonyora, kurwanya ingaruka, no kurwanya ibitonyanga bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa mububiko, gutwara no kugurisha ibicuruzwa.Igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho bipakira bigomba kuba bishya.Kurugero, gukoresha ibikoresho bimeze nk'inanasi kugirango upakire umutobe w'inanasi hamwe na pome isa na pome kugirango upakire umutobe wa pome nibindi bikoresho bipakira neza birakwiye kumenyekana.Ibikoresho byo gupakira bigomba kuba byoroshye gufungura cyangwa gufungura inshuro nyinshi, kandi bimwe bisaba kwerekana gufungura cyangwa gufunga.
6. Kurikiza amabwiriza yo gupakira igihugu cyanjye nibihugu byohereza hanze
Kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza ku iherezo, buri ntambwe y'ibikorwa byo gupakira igomba guhitamo ibikoresho, kashe, icapiro, bundle na label ukurikije ibipimo bipakira, amabwiriza, n'amabwiriza.Ibipimo ngenderwaho hamwe nibisanzwe bikorwa muburyo bwo gupakira, bifasha mugutanga ibikoresho fatizo, kuzenguruka ibicuruzwa nubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, nibindi, ibikoresho byo gupakira Gutunganya no guta ibikoresho bipakira imyanda bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa byo kurengera ibidukikije.
7. Kugenzura ibicuruzwa
Gupakira bigezweho bishingiye ku isesengura rya siyansi, kubara, guhitamo ibikoresho bifatika, gushushanya no gushushanya, hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gupakira hamwe n’imashini zipakira.Nkibicuruzwa byujuje ibyangombwa, usibye ibicuruzwa (ibiryo) bigomba gupimwa, ibipfunyika bigomba no kwipimisha bitandukanye.Nkumuyaga uhumeka, ubwinshi bwamazi, kurwanya amavuta, kurwanya ubushuhe bwibikoresho bipakira, imikoranire hagati yikintu gipakira (ibikoresho) nibiryo, umubare usigaye wibikoresho byo gupakira mubiribwa, kurwanya ibikoresho bipakira ku biryo bipfunyitse, ibikoresho bipfunyika Imbaraga zo guhonyora, imbaraga ziturika, imbaraga zingaruka, nibindi. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibizamini byo gupakira, kandi ibizamini bishobora gutoranywa ukurikije ibihe byihariye nibisabwa n'amategeko.
8. Gupakira ibishushanyo mbonera no gupakira ibishushanyo mbonera
Igishushanyo cyo gupakira no gushushanya kigomba guhuza ibyo akunda hamwe ningeso zabaguzi n’abaguzi mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.Igishushanyo mbonera cyahujwe neza imbere.Ikirangantego kigomba kuba mumwanya ugaragara, kandi ibisobanuro byanditse bigomba kuba byujuje ibyokurya.Ibisobanuro byibicuruzwa bigomba kuba ukuri.Ibirango bigomba kuba byiza, kubyumva byoroshye, byoroshye gukwirakwizwa, kandi birashobora kugira uruhare mukumenyekanisha kwinshi.Igishushanyo mbonera cyibicuruzwa byamazina bigomba kuba bifite kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa.Ibicuruzwa bimwe bishobora gusimburwa byoroshye, bigira ingaruka kubicuruzwa.Kurugero, ikirango runaka cya vinegere mubushinwa gifite izina ryiza mubuyapani no muburasirazuba bwamajyepfo ya Aziya, ariko igurishwa nyuma yo guhindura ibipaki riragabanuka cyane.Gupakira birakekwa.Kubwibyo, ibicuruzwa bigomba gupakirwa mubuhanga kandi ntibishobora guhinduka byoroshye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-20-2022